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The technologies studied in ECLIPSE were chosen in order to be representative of the most widely used wind turbines. Within the framework of the EC project entitled 'Environmental and ecological life-cycle inventories for present and future power systems in Europe' (ECLIPSE), several LCAs of different wind farm configurations were performed. The purpose of the LCAs was to establish a basis for assessment of environmental improvement possibilities for wind farms through their life cycles. Vestas Wind Systems (Vestas, 20) conducted several LCAs of onshore and offshore wind farms based on both 2MW and 3MW turbines. Dismantling: once the wind turbine is out of service, the works of dismantling the turbines and the transportation (by truck) from the erection area to the final disposal site the current scenario includes recycling some components, depositing inert components in landfills and recovering other material such as lubricant oil.Operation is related to the maintenance of the turbines, including oil changes, lubrication and transport for maintenance, usually by truck in an onshore scheme.Transport takes into account the transportation systems needed to provide the raw materials to produce the different components of the wind turbine, the transport of turbine components to the wind farm site and transport during operation.This stage used to be included in the construction or transport phases. On-site erection and assembling includes the work of erecting the wind turbine.
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However, the comparison with other sources of energy generation can provide a clear picture about the environmental comparative performance of wind energy.Īn LCA considers not only the direct emissions from wind farm construction, operation and dismantling, but also the environmental burdens and resources requirement associated with the entire lifetime of all relevant upstream and downstream processes within the energy chain. Different studies may use different assumptions and methodologies, and this could produce important discrepancies in the results among them. Recently, several LCAs have been conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of wind energy. The LCA approach provides a conceptual framework for a detailed and comprehensive comparative evaluation of environmental impacts as important sustainability indicators. LCA in Wind Energy: Environmental Impacts through the Whole Chain